Posted by: mayosten | November 17, 2011

China Engaging in Climate Blackmail Over HFC-23 Offsets

When it comes to climate change, the entire industrialized world is engaged in brinksmanship. Chinese chemical firms, however, have just taken the game to a whole new level by threatening the release of potent greenhouse gases if demands over hydrofluourocarbon-23 offsets are not met, according to a recent Guardian article. The story is a bit complicated, but can be boiled down to the following elements:

  • Since 2005, the EU has been paying for carbon offsets under its Clean Development Mechanism and Emission Trading Scheme. If you are a producer of carbon, like an electric utility, your carbon emission limit is capped. Any emissions beyond this limit must be “negated” by purchasing offsets.
  • The offset in question here is for HFC-23, a refrigerant and potent greenhouse gas 11,700 times more powerful than CO2 in trapping heat. Given the large GHG potential of this gas, you can imagine that the carbon offsets are extremely lucrative.
  • China has been receiving the bulk of the offset money from the EU, $6 billion in total since offsets began, although other developing nations like India are also large producers of the chemical. Offsets are generated by destroying (i.e. incinerating) the chemical, which is a byproduct of the production of HCFC-22, another refrigerant.
  • The EU banned industrial gas offsets in August due to concerns that firms were gaming the system through HFC-23 offsets.
  • Why the concern over gaming? Turns out that offsets are 75 times more lucrative than selling the chemical itself. Refrigerant manufacturers in China were generating huge profits by simply burning the stuff, and some say that entire facilities were simply built to produce HFC-23, burn it, and collect the offsets. The emissions offset scheme created huge perverse incentives and may be paying for incineration of overproduction rather than incineration of existing stock.

In other words, the EU is paying to offset HFC-23 that wouldn’t exist in the first place if it weren’t for the CDM. The result: manufacturers in China lose a huge revenue stream and threaten to unleash tons of HFC-23 gas on the atmosphere if the EU doesn’t keep paying up. How much, no one knows. I would surely like to find out.

This is the kind of nonsense that critics of cap-and-trade love to point at. And who can blame them? The EU’s been outsmarted by conniving industrialists who have turned HFC-23 offsets into one of the world’s biggest shell games.

Posted by: mayosten | November 8, 2011

Dark Green

Interesting… I’m not sure what to make of this just yet. I only just spotted an ad for Dark Green, shown below, on Grist.org. Their webpage makes an appeal to non-violent environmentalists who are willing to “take it up to 11,” but their ad would imply they’re aligned with anarchists. Apparently many others aren’t sure what to make of them either, as they only have 16 members/followers listed on their blog.

There’s very little about the group on the webs, but Wikipedia has this to offer on Alex Steffen’s branding of “dark green” environmentalism. These are folks that:

believe that environmental problems are an inherent part of industrialized capitalism, and seek radical political change. Dark greens believe that dominant political ideologies (sometimes referred to as industrialism) are corrupt and inevitably lead to consumerism, alienation from nature and resource depletion. Dark greens claim that this is caused by the emphasis on economic growth that exists within all existing ideologies, a tendency referred to as “growth mania”. The dark green brand of environmentalism is associated with ideas of deep ecology, post-materialism, holism, the Gaia hypothesis of James Lovelock and the work of Fritjof Capra as well as support for a reduction in human numbers and/or a relinquishment of technology to reduce humanity’s impact on the biosphere.

I’m very curious to see who from the mainstream enviro crowd emerges as an official supporter.

Posted by: mayosten | November 4, 2011

Climate Hawks Put Pressure on Obama

Keystone XL pipeline sign

Climate groups like 350.org are stepping up their criticism of Obama and pushing for a large and very unique protest of the Keystone XL pipeline this weekend (November 6, 2011) at the White House. I would say the ire of green groups against the president has started to reach unprecedented levels.

If you want to make your own custom badge like the one above, you can do so here.

Posted by: mayosten | October 20, 2011

Mass overtakes California as #1 Energy Efficiency State

The times they are a changin’. Thanks to crunched state budgets and changing political winds, Massachusetts has now overtaken California as the top state for energy efficiency investment.

Check out the results of ACEEE’s 2011 Energy Efficiency Scorecard here: ACEEE | The 2011 State Energy Efficiency Scorecard.

Posted by: mayosten | October 3, 2011

Digging Deeper Into Plug Load Energy Savings

Plug loads (TVs, computers, other gizmos that plug into an outlet) can comprise up to 20% of household electricity consumption and remain one of the fastest growing electric end uses categories in both commercial and residential buildings. Even though recent media attention and progress in the policy arena have placed renewed focus on issues like standby power, there is still plenty of fertile ground to be plowed in this area.

This spring I got to assist Ecos Consulting in researching several emerging trends in plug loads that may yield continued efficiency improvements ranging from power-sipping displays to self-powered devices to ultra-efficient power supplies. The work, sponsored by the International Energy Agency’s 4E project, is presented in several short reports available here.

Some of the highlights:

  • Detailed analysis of a super-efficient power supply prototype that achieves milliwatt-level standby power and 90+% efficiency in active operation
  • Evaluation of the applicability of existing energy harvesting technologies to common end uses
  • Tear-down analysis of high-efficiency display technologies
  • An inexpensive battery charger design that could saving millions of dollars in electricity
Posted by: mayosten | September 15, 2011

Plugging Holes in the LEED Rating System

I have to admit, as a LEED AP, I’ve been pretty lazy about keeping up to date with changes in the United States Green Building Council’s flagship rating system. A lot of fuss was made about LEED 2009, which supposedly helped rebalance the way points were awarded. True, the 2009 revision did place renewed emphasis on the Energy and Atmosphere category (and de-emphasized things like bike racks, which have come to symbolize what many viewed as a fairly Byzantine rating system), which as a mechanical engineer and energy geek, I’m completely for.

However, it didn’t do much to alleviate one of LEED’s biggest flaws: a lack of performance monitoring. LEED has rightly come under harsh criticism for this, because you can effectively build a platinum building, achieving every point possible on the LEED scale, and then go operate your building with reckless abandon, running up enormous energy bills. In fact, several years back, a study by the New Building Institute showed that many LEED buildings were performing no differently from an energy perspective than code-built buildings (see below). The LEED building stock, on the whole, seems to have significantly lower energy intensity than our commercial building stock, but you can find plenty of cases where the energy use intensity of even LEED Gold certified buildings exceeds that of conventional buildings (again, see the figure below).

NBI LEED buildings

This chart, courtesy of the New Buildings Institute, shows the energy intensity of various LEED-certified buildings based on measured data. Note the wide spread in performance, with some LEED buildings even exceeding typical commercial building (CBECS) energy intensity values.

So USGBC has proposed that LEED 2012 will now include a requirement for building operators to share energy performance data with a network of other green building operators so that owners, operators and occupants can view and compare their performance in real time. Rather than just seeing the nice LEED plaque in the entryway of a LEED facility, you might see a heads up display showing how this office building compares to the one down the street. In addition, LEED will require buildings to rectify based on performance data, further emphasizing the crucial occupation/operations phase of a building’s lifecycle. A good synopsis of some of the proposed changes are provided in this article by Fast Company.

For anyone who has been following the LEED rating system at all, this is an enormous change in the way they do business. I sincerely hope that the LEED membership embraces these important additions to the system and ratifies the changes in 2012. As Fast Company correctly notes, it will give LEED much-needed teeth and added credibility, finally sheltering it from at least some of the critiques around gaming the system. It will mean that much more to earn the rating, and that’s good for the whole industry.

Posted by: mayosten | September 9, 2011

How Much Energy Does My Google Search Use?

The “don’t be evil” search giant is now defending its gargantuan use of energy: about 2 billion kWh per year. Last I checked, that’s somewhere in the neighborhood of one tenth of 1% of U.S. total electricity consumption. It is an astounding amount of energy, enough to power about 200,000 typical homes for a year.

The impetus for all this, according to this article from Green Technology World: assertions by the Sunday Times that a single Google search uses the same amount of energy as it takes to boil a kettle of water (gotta love those British energy analogies).  Now does anyone actually believe those numbers? Does anyone actually believe that in the 0.17 seconds it took for Google to return results to me on “google energy use,” some Google data center ramped up its power use by 1.4 MW to deliver my search results (because that’s what it would take to boil a kettle of water in 0.17 seconds)? No, it’s absurd.

A quicker but much more instructive estimate. Google claimed in its new releases that it consumes about 2.3 billion kWh per year in electricity. Averaged out across the year, this means that Google data centers are sucking down about 262 MW of electricity at any given time. For a quick estimate, let’s say that at any instant, there are 1 million users executing search queries (this is a real lowball estimate I’m sure), and that the search takes about 0.17 seconds to complete. Your “cut” of that 2.3 billion kWh then turns out to be about 44 J or over 500 times less than what it would take to boil a kettle of water. How big is 44J? It’s about 10 calories, so that cookie you just ate gave you more energy than you used in your Google search. So don’t sweat your searching too much.

Data center owners have real energy issues, and Google and its brethren should absolutely be combing every square inch of their operations for efficiencies. But I do feel there is a bit of alarmism about the amount of energy consumed by individual searches. Every Google user or ads client “owns” a piece of that 2.3 billion kWh footprint, but I wouldn’t hesitate to hit the search button because of it. You are not putting on a kettle of water when you search. Not even close. Those stats are just full of hot… er… water.

Posted by: mayosten | September 7, 2011

Inflatable Shelter

Some industrial design students seem to have filled a desperate need in a world full of “permanent” refugees: fast-setting, semi-permanent, cheap shelter. Their self-inflating concrete dome structure just requires water and a little time to create a safe enclosure for people in troubled areas. It can be shipped in a relatively small package.

Check out the full story from the Times of London.

Posted by: mayosten | August 30, 2011

A Letter from Tim DeChristopher

Tim DeChristopher portrait, courtesy OutdoorUtah.com

It was a tumultuous morning around here. All three kids upset for some reason or another, people running late on their way to work or school, the general chaotic domino effect that ensues when everyone wakes up a little cranky. So that’s why I was so relieved to read this letter from Tim DeChristopher (thank you Grist.org for publishing) for an inspirational breath of fresh air. Tim, as I’ve written before, was imprisoned just last month for his role in bidding up prices on federal oil and gas lease auctions in Utah. In this his first statement from prison, he reflects on the role of civil disobedience in today’s America, why he avoided a very attractive plea bargain, and why those practicing civil disobedience get an extra serving of punishment at the sentencing.

I found this analysis on the disproportionate use of plea bargains in criminal cases to be very illuminating. In effect, through the use of the plea bargain, very few cases ever get to a jury trial. And for those taking a stand on social and environmental issues through civil disobedience, this is a big deal. It is the reason, of course, that someone like Tim chose to take 2 years in prison rather than the few dozen days in jail offered in the plea bargain:

The revolutionaries who founded this country were deeply distrustful of a concentration of power, so among other precautions, they established citizen juries as the most important part of our legal system and insisted upon constitutional right to a jury trial. To avoid this inconvenience, those seeking concentrated power free from revolutionaries have minimized the role of citizens in our legal system. They have accomplished this by restricting what juries can hear, what they can decide upon, and most importantly, by avoiding jury trials all together. It is now accepted as a basic fact of our criminal justice system that a defendant who exercises his or her right to a jury trial will be punished at sentencing for doing so. Transferring power from citizens to government happens when the role of citizens gets eliminated in the process.

In short, Tim’s message would have never seen the light of day if he had just quietly accepted the very favorable terms of the plea bargain he had been offered, and the government would have effectively won.

The latter paragraphs of the letter are truly inspired, and cement Tim in my mind as one of the great practitioners of civil disobedience in our time. He is not just a mad 30-something out to fight “the man”. He is a philosopher and morally guided populist leader. This next passage truly captured for me the need for climate activists and progressives to not only incorporate non-violent civil disobedience into their quiver of tools, but to make it the primary “weapon”. In an age where mega-corporations are granted personhood, you have to be truly extraordinary to be heard:

Over the last couple hundred years of quelling dissent, the government has learned a few things about maintaining power. Sometimes it seems that the government has learned more from our social movement history than we as activists have. Their willingness to let a direct action off with a slap on the wrist while handing out two years for political statements comes from their understanding of the power of an individual. They know that one person, or even a small group, cannot have enough of a direct impact on our corporate giants to really alter things in our economy. They know that a single person can’t have a meaningful direct impact on our political system. But our modern government is dismantling the First Amendment because they understand the very same thing our founding fathers did when they wrote it: What one person can do is to plant the seeds of love and outrage in the hearts of a movement. And if those hearts are fertile ground, those seeds of love and outrage will grow into a revolution.

Thank you and keep the letters coming, Tim.

Posted by: mayosten | August 25, 2011

Understanding Natural Capital

Philip S. Wenz, Durango HeraldMy own small town newspaper, The Durango Herald, offered this wonderful piece by columnist Philip Wenz on understanding the concept of natural capital. Inspired by comments from a paranoid NYTimes reader, Wenz puts forth one of the best analogies for natural capital I’ve read in awhile: he compares it to monetary capital. Specifically, he answers the NYTimes commenter’s challenge to prove that it’s possible for us to currently be consuming “1.4 earths” of natural capital. Apparently the idea of living beyond your means is lost on the far right.

via The Durango Herald | Your Ecological House.

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